SOBERANIA SOB PRESSÃO: MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS, ANTROPOCENO E OS NOVOS DESAFIOS À SEGURANÇA INTERNACIONAL
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A crise ambiental contemporânea, catalisada pelas alterações climáticas e pela entrada no Antropoceno, impõe desafios inéditos à noção clássica de soberania estatal e reconfigura as agendas de segurança internacional. Este artigo analisa como a soberania westfaliana, consolidada sob a premissa da estabilidade climática do Holoceno, encontra-se profundamente tensionada por pressões transnacionais e imperativos de justiça climática. Através de metodologia qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica interdisciplinar, o estudo examina dimensões centrais: a reinterpretação da soberania de permanente para custodial; o processo de securitização climática; e as tensões entre interesses nacionais e responsabilidades globais diferenciadas. Os achados revelam que a soberania territorial absoluta se torna insustentável diante da interdependência ecológica planetária, enquanto a securitização climática, embora institucionalmente relevante, apresenta riscos de militarização e marginalização da justiça climática.
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