Soberanía bajo presión: el cambio climático, el Antropoceno y nuevos desafíos a la seguridad internacional
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La crisis ambiental contemporánea, catalizada por el cambio climático y la entrada en el Antropoceno, plantea desafíos sin precedentes a la noción clásica de soberanía estatal y reconfigura las agendas de seguridad internacional. Este artículo analiza cómo la soberanía westfaliana, consolidada bajo la premisa de la estabilidad climática del Holoceno, se ve profundamente afectada por las presiones transnacionales y los imperativos de la justicia climática. A través de una metodología cualitativa con una revisión bibliográfica interdisciplinaria, el estudio examina dimensiones centrales: la reinterpretación de la soberanía de permanente a custodial; el proceso de securitización climática; y las tensiones entre los intereses nacionales y las responsabilidades globales diferenciadas. Los hallazgos revelan que la soberanía territorial absoluta se vuelve insostenible ante la interdependencia ecológica planetaria, mientras que la securitización climática, si bien institucionalmente relevante, presenta riesgos de militarización y marginación de la justicia climática.
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