Santana do Livramento: an analysis of historical labor market data.

Abstract

This article presents a quantitative study of historical data on “Work and Income” indicators from the IBGE Census from 1940 to 2010, and on indicators of the formal labor market, based on data from the Annual Social Information Registry (RAIS) from the decades of 2000, 2010, and 2021. The data collected, subjected to statistical analysis, showed, in general, a historically precarious labor market, with high rates of unemployment and “informality”, composed predominantly of a working class with low levels of education and income. Gender and ethnic inequalities were also evidenced. Women have the smallest participation in the market, are mostly allocated to “informal” activities, and have lower income levels compared to the male population, despite making up the largest percentage of the EAP and having the highest levels of education. Regarding ethnicity, the data showed significant differences in educational level and average income among the working population, to the detriment of people who self-identify as “black” and “brown”, thus configuring a historical and structural restriction on the cultural and economic capital of these groups. The formal labor market follows some trends of the market in general: low income and educational levels, gender inequalities.