AVALIAÇÃO MULTIDIMENSIONAL DO STATUS SOCIOECONÔMICO E DOS OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
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Os métodos para mensurar o status socioeconômico (SSE) em articulação com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) apresentam limitações metodológicas. Buscando evitar problemas relacionados a escalas e à atribuição de pesos, este artigo propõe agregar medidas subjetivas e objetivas de SSE e ODS por meio de agregação multiplicativa, visando obter índices compostos ($SSE_t$ e $ISDG_t$) que reflitam a melhoria global em um determinado período em relação ao período-base. Os índices propostos garantem a equivalência entre o índice calculado em etapas e o índice obtido em uma única etapa. Eles abrangem variáveis de diversas naturezas — como porcentagens, taxas, contagens simples, pontuações ordinais ou índices compostos de componentes de SSE ou ODS — e facilitam a avaliação de mudanças ao longo do tempo, a identificação de áreas críticas, a classificação com base na importância relativa e o teste de hipóteses estatísticas. A combinação de variáveis em diferentes escalas de medição por meio de uma variável contínua monotonicamente crescente constitui uma inovação. A distância de um país em relação ao alcance dos ODS pode ser calculada considerando-se as metas dos ODS com base nos valores do período-base. Relações empíricas entre $ISDG_t$ e $SSE_t$ podem ser estabelecidas por regressão linear simples, enquanto as relações entre as dimensões ou metas constituintes de $ISDG_t$ e $SSE_t$ podem ser analisadas por regressão linear múltipla ou análise de correlação canônica.
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