ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR EN LA PRÁCTICA: ANÁLISIS DE COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIÉSEL A PARTIR DE ACEITE DE COCINA USADO
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Abstract
El uso de aceite de cocina usado como materia prima para biodiesel sigue los principios de la economía circular, al reducir costos y aumentar la eficiencia de la producción, aprovechando residuos y disminuyendo la dependencia de aceites vírgenes. Este estudio analiza los costos de producción de biodiesel utilizando la metodología de Custeo Basado en Actividades (ABC), con tres procesos de transesterificación alcalina realizados en una biorrefinería a pequeña escala. La viabilidad económica y financiera de la biorrefinería, con una capacidad de 540 toneladas por año en Santa María, se evaluó utilizando indicadores como el Valor Presente Neto (VPN), la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) y el payback descontado. El costo de producción fue de US$ 0,25 por litro, con la transesterificación representando el 60% de los costos. El aceite de cocina usado representó solo el 21% del costo total. El análisis indicó viabilidad económica para cooperativas y empresas del sector energético, ofreciendo una alternativa sostenible que contribuye a la reducción de desperdicios y al uso de recursos no alimentarios.
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