Knowledge-Based Urban and Circular Cities: governance models and best practices for sustainable urban mobility
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The article aims to analyze the governance models and social participation and best practices in urban mobility implemented in 3rd and 4th generation technology parks. "Knowledge-Based Urban Development" refers to urban development approaches that emphasize the importance of knowledge, innovation and the knowledge economy to promote sustainable development in cities. Accordingly, the concept of Circular Cities refers to cities that adopt the principles of the circular economy. Technology parks were mapped and selected for study: Paris-Saclay, Sophia Antipolis, Parc de l'Alba, and 22@Barcelona; then, we identified governance models and best practices on urban mobility in institutional sources, legislation and technical studies. Finally, the convergence of the frameworks directed the analyses and, as results, in the studied cases, governance is based on collaboration between civil society actors, public sector, private sector and academia. Decision-making involves various instances, such as councils, commissions and individual interviews. The role of the "Mobility Organizing Authority" stands out in the coordination and management of the system operation. The best practices in urban mobility mapped were categorized into: Active Mobility; Public and road safety; Public transportation; Demand transportation; and Mobility management. It is clear the trend of these territories in directing efforts to promote sustainable mobility, however, there are still challenges, especially related to the discouragement of the use of motorized individual transport, which requires an integrated and multi-agent approach, contributing to the creation of effective and sustainable solutions for urban mobility.
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